ABSTRACT
This essay, using specialised military literature and relating the subject matter to current
Anglo-American debates on Stalin’s Russia assesses the internal and external factors shaping the fate of the Soviet military from 1936-45. The factors highlighted include the impact of Stalin’s
purges, Soviet military strategy, and policy, any failure made by the Germans themselves and
Western aid to the USSR. The essay seeks to evaluate the relative merits of each of these in explaining the transformation of the Soviet military from the purges, which began in the late 1930s,
through to the end of the Second World War.
Keywords: Lend-lease, Red Army, Second World War, Soviet Military Strategy, Stalin’s Purges,
Wehrmacht.
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